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How did the ruler of Hanoi respond after the Qing military defeats in Vietnam?
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Qianlong
Chinese emperor Qianlong.
Following the military intervention by the Qing dynasty in Vietnam during 1788ā1789, the Chinese forces initially achieved success but ultimately suffered heavy defeats. Despite these military setbacks, the ruler of Hanoi remained willing to acknowledge that his kingdom was a tributary state to the Qing empire.1