How did the Yongle emperor’s northern campaigns affect the Mongol tribes?

Between 1410 and 1424, the Yongle emperor personally led five grand military campaigns into the Gobi Desert to address the rising influence of the Mongol leader Aruqtai and to manage other restless groups, such as the Oirat and Urianghad tribes.1

While these expeditions resulted in only a few battles and yielded indecisive military victories, they significantly impacted the Mongol tribes by preventing the formation of a new, large-scale confederation that could have posed a serious threat to the Ming dynasty. By combining these aggressive military patrols with astute diplomacy, the Yongle emperor successfully kept the various Mongol factions fragmented and prevented them from consolidating their power.1