How did the School of Alexandria’s method of interpreting the Bible differ from the School of Antioch’s method?

The primary distinction between the School of Alexandria and the School of Antioch lay in their approach to biblical exegesis and hermeneutics.

• School of Alexandria: This institution, led by figures such as Clement of Alexandria and Origen, was defined by its use of the allegorical method. Drawing from classical traditions of interpreting Greek myths, Alexandrian scholars argued that while the literal sense of scripture existed, the most profound divine truths were concealed beneath the surface. They often viewed literal narratives as vessels for deeper moral and spiritual meanings, prioritizing these allegorical interpretations as the highest form of understanding.12

• School of Antioch: In contrast, the School of Antioch emphasized the literal interpretation of the Bible. Antiochene theologians, such as Theodore of Mopsuestia and St. John Chrysostom, focused on the historical context and the grammatical sense of the text, seeking to avoid the perceived arbitrariness of allegorization. This approach also influenced their Christology, as they tended to emphasize the completeness of Christ’s humanity, whereas the Alexandrians focused more on his divinity.1324