How did the 1952 coup change Egypt’s political system?

The 1952 coup, led by the Free Officers, fundamentally transformed Egypt’s political system by ending the monarchy and forcing King Farouk into exile.12

Following the coup, the country was governed by the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), an executive body that abolished all existing political parties, including the influential Wafd, by 1953. This transition established the Republic of Egypt, shifting the nation toward a military-led government.123

Gamal Abdel Nasser, who emerged as a central leader within this new structure, consolidated power by 1954 and directed the state toward modernization, socialism, and Arab nationalism. His administration implemented significant reforms, such as land redistribution and the nationalization of key industries and the Suez Canal, which expanded the state bureaucracy and shaped Egypt’s political and economic trajectory for nearly two decades.12