How did the 1952 Free Officers coup end Egypt’s monarchy?

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Gamal Abdel Nasser Gamal Abdel Nasser, photograph by Yousuf Karsh.

The 1952 Free Officers coup ended Egypt’s monarchy by ousting King Farouk I from power in a nearly bloodless coup d’état on July 23, 1952.12

Driven by grievances regarding British colonial influence, economic inequality, and the military's frustration over the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the Free Officers—a group founded by Gamal Abdel Nasser—forced the king to abdicate. While Farouk was initially succeeded by his infant son, Fuad II, the monarchy was abolished less than a year later, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Egypt.345

Following the coup, the country was governed by the Revolutionary Command Council, which implemented significant reforms, including land redistribution and industrialization, while consolidating power under the military government.24