How did roads and telecommunications support Abd el-Krim’s government?

As part of his efforts to modernize and centralize the administration of the Republic of the Rif, Abd el-Krim developed a nascent network of roads and telecommunications.1

These infrastructure projects were integral to his broader strategy of replacing a traditional, hierarchical society with a centralized bureaucracy and a more organized fighting force. By establishing these systems, he aimed to improve the connectivity and administrative control of his government across the territories he governed at the height of his power in early 1925.1