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How did confining Safavid princes in palace gardens affect later rulers?
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ʿAbbās I
ʿAbbās I, detail of a painting by the Mughal school of Jahāngīr, c. 1620; in the Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
To avoid the common practice of murdering potential rivals, Shah ʿAbbās I began the policy of confining infant princes within palace gardens, isolating them from the outside world and political intrigue.1
This practice had a detrimental effect on the quality of future leadership. Because these princes were raised in seclusion, they lacked experience in governance and statecraft. Consequently, the successors of ʿAbbās I tended to be indecisive rulers who were easily manipulated and dominated by powerful figures, particularly the Shiʿi ulama.1