How did annual Frankish assemblies strengthen Charlemagne’s rule?

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Painting by Albrecht Durer of Charlemagne in ornate coronation robes and crown, holding a sword and orb, with gold embroidery and regal symbols behind him. — Charlemagne Charlemagne, oil on limewood by Albrecht Dürer, 1512; in the collection of the German National Museum, Nürnberg, Germany.

Charlemagne strengthened his rule by transforming the traditional Frankish annual assembly—originally a muster for military service—into a vital political instrument.1

By expanding the function of these meetings, he used them to cement personal ties with powerful figures, including counts, bishops, abbots, and other magnates. These assemblies served several key purposes that reinforced his authority:1

Communication and Policy: Charlemagne used these gatherings to deliver his commands directly to his officials, ensuring his will was clearly understood.1
Consultation: He provided a forum to hear complaints, accept advice, and gain the necessary assent for his policies from the realm's leaders.1
Unity: The assemblies highlighted the common bond of the participants' willingness to follow their leader into war, fostering a sense of shared purpose.1

Through these interactions, Charlemagne effectively integrated his central administration with local governance, utilizing the network of aristocratic families to ensure that his royal commands were executed throughout his kingdom.1