How did William Laud influence government policy without holding a major state office?

William Laud did not hold a major state office, but he exerted significant influence over government policy through his position as a privy councillor and his close relationship with King Charles I.1

Laud utilized his access to the King to shape policy and pressure other government ministers, whom he often criticized for inefficiency or delay. His most direct impact on governance was through the implementation of social policies via the privy council and royal prerogative courts, such as the Star Chamber and the High Commission. Through these channels, he worked to protect the poor from exploitation by landlords and officials, while simultaneously enforcing his religious reforms.1

Furthermore, Laud collaborated closely with Thomas Wentworth to establish a rigorous, centralized governing policy they termed "thorough," which aimed to eliminate corruption and inefficiency within both the church and the state.1