How did The Public Enemy help make James Cagney a star?

James Cagney’s rise to stardom was facilitated by director William A. Wellman during the production of the 1931 gangster classic The Public Enemy.

Although Cagney was originally cast in a supporting role, Wellman was so impressed by the actor's intensity that he had him switch parts with the lead actor, Edward Woods. This decision allowed Cagney to deliver a chilling, landmark performance as the gangster Tom Powers. His portrayal was noted for its explosive energy and natural ability to convey emotional extremes, which resonated with audiences during an era when real-life gangsters frequently dominated the headlines. The film’s infamy was further cemented by a memorable scene in which Cagney’s character slams a grapefruit into the face of actress Mae Clarke, helping to establish his enduring screen persona as a tough guy.12