How did Pope Nicholas V restore peace in the Papal States?

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Montúfar, Antonio: Saint Francis of Assisi Appearing Before Pope Nicholas V, with Donors — Nicholas V *Saint Francis of Assisi Appearing Before Pope Nicholas V, with Donors*, oil on canvas by Antonio Montúfar, 1628; in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. 107.95 × 87.63 cm.

Pope Nicholas V restored peace in the Papal States through diplomatic strategy and concessions rather than military force. He notably disbanded mercenary armies, opting instead to secure the region by placing strategically located castles under the control of carefully selected governors.1

His approach to governance was characterized by conciliation:
* Rome: He maintained a conciliatory stance toward the nobility and offered concessions to restive citizens.1
* Bologna: He pacified the city by granting it virtual independence.1
* Infrastructure: He allowed for the rebuilding of Palestrina, which had been destroyed by his predecessor.1

By prioritizing wise concessions over the use of arms, Nicholas V successfully stabilized the region and sought to maintain political peace throughout Italy.1