How did Pope Boniface VIII respond to Philip IV of France’s taxation of the clergy?

Pope Boniface VIII responded to King Philip IV’s taxation of the clergy through several escalating measures, primarily centered on the assertion of papal authority over temporal rulers.

• Clericis laicos (1296): Boniface issued this papal bull to forbid the taxation of the clergy by lay rulers without express papal consent, under penalty of excommunication.12
• Concession (1297): Facing retaliatory measures from Philip and Edward I of England, Boniface was forced to retreat, eventually proclaiming that rulers could tax the clergy without permission if they attested to the necessity of the funds.3
• Suspension of Rights (1301): Following the arrest of the bishop of Pamiers, Boniface suspended Philip’s right to tax ecclesiastics and summoned the French clergy to Rome to discuss the king's governance.3
• Unam sanctam (1302): Amidst the intensifying conflict, the pope issued this bull, which asserted the universal supremacy of the papacy and the submission of temporal power to spiritual authority.13

These actions ultimately led to a violent confrontation in Anagni, where Philip’s agents seized the pope, contributing to the subsequent transfer of the Curia to Avignon.13