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How did Polybius become a friend and mentor of Scipio Aemilianus?

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Marble statue of Polybius seated with one arm raised, draped in classical robes, against a blue sky in Vienna, Austria. The base is inscribed with the name Polybius. — Polybius Polybius, statue in Vienna.

Polybius, a prominent Greek statesman, was brought to Italy as one of 1,000 Achaean leaders detained without trial following the Roman victory over Perseus of Macedonia in 168 BCE.12

While in Rome, Polybius attracted the attention of the young Scipio Aemilianus. Scipio and his brother successfully persuaded the Roman authorities to allow Polybius to remain in the city rather than being held with the other detainees. This intervention established a close bond, with Polybius serving as a mentor to the young noble.13

Under Polybius’ guidance, Scipio was encouraged to pursue the traditional Roman virtues of honor, glory, and military success, while also focusing on personal morality and temperance during a period of perceived social decline. This mentorship proved enduring, as the two remained close throughout their lives, with Polybius later accompanying Scipio on various military campaigns and engaging in long-term political discussions with him.13