How did Pieter Bruegel the Elder create a sense of movement in The Tower of Babel?

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Peasant Dance by Pieter Bruegel the Elder shows villagers dancing, drinking, and socializing outdoors near rustic buildings, with musicians playing in the foreground. — Pieter Bruegel, the Elder *Peasant Dance*, oil on wood by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, c. 1568; in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.

In his painting The Tower of Babel, Pieter Bruegel the Elder created a sense of movement by experimenting with the depiction of inanimate objects. Specifically, in the version housed in Rotterdam, he imparted a feeling of motion to the structure itself, making the tower appear as though it is in rotation.1

This interest in rendering movement was a recurring theme in Bruegel’s work, which he explored through various techniques, such as the arrangement of figures in peasant dances or the depiction of falling figures in later paintings.1