How did Piero della Francesca create monumental figures in the S. Agostino altarpiece?

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Piero della Francesca: The Flagellation of Christ — Piero della Francesca *The Flagellation of Christ*, tempera on wood panel by Piero della Francesca, late 1450s; in the National Gallery of the Marches, Urbino, Italy.

In the S. Agostino altarpiece, Piero della Francesca created monumental human figures through the sculptural use of line and light.1

This approach was a hallmark of his mature style, which emphasized clarity, structural simplicity, and a serene, disciplined exploration of perspective. By employing these techniques, he achieved a sense of monumental dignity in his figures that reflected his deep interest in geometry and mathematical proportion.12