How did Martin Buber's approach to Zionism differ from Theodor Herzl's approach?

Martin Buber’s approach to Zionism differed significantly from that of Theodor Herzl due to their conflicting priorities regarding the movement's core objectives.1

• Herzl’s Political Zionism: As the founder of political Zionism, Herzl viewed the "Jewish question" as a political issue that required a diplomatic solution. His primary focus was establishing a Jewish homeland secured by public law, which he believed could be achieved through organized international diplomacy and negotiations with world powers.21
• Buber’s Spiritual Zionism: Buber favored an approach centered on overall spiritual renewal. He advocated for immediate agricultural settlements in Palestine as the core of the movement, emphasizing a return to roots and the development of a wholesome culture.1

Because of these fundamental differences, Buber resigned from his position as editor of the Zionist weekly Die Welt shortly after being appointed by Herzl in 1901. While Buber remained a Zionist throughout his life, he frequently opposed official party and state policies, later advocating for Jewish-Arab cooperation and the formation of a binational state in Palestine.1