How did Martin Buber connect I-It relationships with science and social roles?

For Martin Buber, the I-It relationship is a mode of interaction where individuals engage with others not in their full reality, but as objects of thought, action, or utility.1

Buber connected this relationship to science and social roles in the following ways:

• Science: He argued that the I-It perspective is the foundation for both pure and applied science. In this context, the world is treated as a static state of affairs governed by comprehensible laws, allowing researchers to analyze and categorize beings as objects of study.1
• Social Roles: In social structures, such as the relationship between a boss and a worker, individuals are often treated as tools, conveniences, or functions rather than as unique beings. This reduction allows for the manipulation of people by others.1

While Buber emphasized the I-Thou relation as the ideal, he acknowledged that I-It relations are necessary for human survival and practical organization. His ethical framework called for drawing a demarcation line, choosing I-Thou whenever possible while settling for I-It when necessary.1