How did Malcolm X’s views on racial separation change after his pilgrimage to Mecca?

Following his 1964 hajj to Mecca, Malcolm X underwent a profound ideological shift. Having converted to Sunni Islam and adopted the name el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz, he formally renounced the separatist doctrines he had previously championed as a leader in the Nation of Islam.31

While he had once preached the inherent evil of white people and advocated for a separate Black nation, his experiences during the pilgrimage led him to embrace orthodox Islam as the true solution to racial problems in the United States. This evolution in his philosophy moved him away from strict racial separation and toward a broader perspective on human rights. By the end of his life, he expressed a desire to work more closely with the mainstream civil rights movement and sought to internationalize the plight of Black Americans by making common cause with people across the developing world.123