How did Leon Battista Alberti’s perspective theories influence Piero della Francesca and Leonardo da Vinci?

Leon Battista Alberti played a foundational role in Renaissance art by codifying the principles of linear perspective in his 1435 treatise, Della Pittura (On Painting). His theoretical framework, which interpreted a painting as a projection of a scene onto a vertical plane, provided a systematic method for artists to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on a flat surface.123

• Piero della Francesca: Piero further developed Alberti’s procedures, integrating them into his own rigorous exploration of geometry and mathematics. His own treatise, De prospectiva pingendi ("On Perspective in Painting"), followed the methodology and organizational approach established by Alberti. Piero’s work exemplifies the application of these perspectival laws to achieve clarity, structure, and spatial definition in painting.43
• Leonardo da Vinci: Leonardo is recognized as one of the early masters of linear perspective who built upon these established techniques. While Leonardo’s genius and vision were distinct and more "modern" in their fragmentary nature, his intellectual approach to art—balancing theory and practice—was analogous to the precedent set by Alberti.15