How did Karl vom Stein reform tax collection in Prussia?

While Karl vom Stein was a highly successful administrator who reformed the system of tax collection during his earlier tenure in the provincial administration of Westphalia, the specific legislative reforms often associated with Prussian tax modernization—such as simplifying excise duties and imposing property taxes on the nobility—were primarily implemented by his successor, Karl August von Hardenberg, starting in 1810.12

Stein’s own administrative career focused on improving infrastructure, such as road networks and river navigability, and promoting textile production. While he laid the groundwork for fundamental state reform through his Nassau Memorandum and reorganized the central government into departmental ministries, his specific schemes for economic and agrarian reform were later taken up and expanded upon by Hardenberg.12