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How did Julius II strengthen the political power of the papacy?
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Julius II
Julius II, contemporary medallion; in the coin collection of the Vatican Library.
Julius II significantly strengthened the political power of the papacy by prioritizing the restoration of the Papal States, which had been diminished by the Borgia family and encroaching powers like Venice.1
His strategy involved both military and diplomatic maneuvers:
- Territorial Recovery: Early in his pontificate, he subjugated Perugia and Bologna. In 1509, he joined the League of Cambrai to reclaim Romagna territories seized by Venice.12
- Countering Foreign Influence: Julius sought to drive French forces from Italy to protect papal interests. When cardinals defected to support the French, he countered by summoning the Fifth Lateran Council to maintain ecclesiastical and political authority.1
- Strategic Alliances: He formed the Holy League in 1511, successfully aligning with Venice and Ferdinand II to expel the French. This victory allowed him to expand the Papal States further by acquiring Parma and Piacenza.12
By securing these territories and asserting the papacy's role in Italian affairs, Julius II became known as the "saviour of the papacy," ensuring its survival and grandeur.13