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How did John Duns Scotus distinguish intuitive cognition from abstractive cognition?

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Blessed John Duns Scotus distinguished between intuitive and abstractive cognition based on the relationship between the knowledge and the object's existence.1

  • Intuitive cognition is defined as an immediate and indubitable awareness of a thing. It provides knowledge specifically of an object that is present and existing, allowing one to know with certainty that the object exists and is the cause of that knowledge.1
  • Abstractive cognition is knowledge of a thing that is abstracted from, or logically independent of, the object's actual existence or nonexistence.1

This distinction was a significant contribution to epistemology, as it separated the direct perception of a present reality from the conceptual understanding of a thing regardless of its current state.1