How did Jean-Jacques Rousseau define the general will?

In the political philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the general will is a collectively held will that aims at the common good or the shared interest of the political community.1

Unlike abstract ideals, Rousseau defined the general will as the will actually held by people in their capacity as citizens. To participate in it, individuals must set aside their personal or group interests and reflect upon their sense of justice in the "silence of the passions". By following their conscience, citizens disclose the general will, which Rousseau argued is intrinsically right.1

Rousseau maintained that legitimate laws are founded on this general will. Because these laws represent the collective interest of the republic, an individual who obeys the law is essentially obeying themselves as a member of that community. This framework serves as a safeguard against despotism, as government is only legitimate when it remains strictly subordinated to the general will of the people.1