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How did Jean-Baptiste Colbert rise from a merchant family to serve Louis XIV?

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Jean-Baptiste Colbert, born into a merchant family, rose to prominence through his administrative skill and strategic loyalty to Cardinal Mazarin.1

His breakthrough occurred in 1651 during the Fronde, a period of political upheaval in France. While Mazarin was forced into exile, Colbert served as his dedicated agent in Paris, managing his personal affairs and providing critical intelligence. Upon Mazarin's return to power, he appointed Colbert as his personal assistant and facilitated his acquisition of profitable government positions, which allowed Colbert to build significant personal wealth and status.1

Before his death, Mazarin recommended Colbert to King Louis XIV. Impressed by his immense capacity for work and administrative competence, the King placed his confidence in Colbert, who subsequently dedicated his career to managing both the King's private affairs and the broader administration of the French kingdom. This partnership eventually led to Colbert’s appointment as comptroller general of finance and secretary of state for the navy.12