How did Herbert Spencer distinguish military societies from industrial societies?

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Portrait of British philosopher Herbert Spencer, shown with a receding hairline, long sideburns, and formal attire. — Herbert Spencer Herbert Spencer.

Herbert Spencer distinguished between military and industrial societies based on how they achieved social cooperation.1

Military Societies: In these societies, cooperation is secured through force. Spencer associated this structure with despotism, which he viewed as primitive and negative.1
Industrial Societies: In these societies, cooperation is voluntary and spontaneous. Spencer viewed this model as civilized and aligned with individualism, where social order is delicately adjusted to the needs of all parties without central planning.1

Spencer’s classification was rooted in his broader theory of social evolution, which he believed progressed toward increasing "individuation" through the division of labour. He argued that while military societies prioritize the state, industrial societies exist for the benefit of their individual members.1