How did Henry IV strengthen the French army?

Henry IV strengthened the French army through a series of comprehensive reforms aimed at professionalizing and securing the military forces of the kingdom. Under the direction of his trusted minister, Maximilien de Béthune, Duke de Sully, the government implemented several key measures:12

• Reorganization and Pay: The French army was reorganized, and the pay for soldiers was both increased and guaranteed, ensuring greater stability and loyalty within the ranks.1
• Artillery and Training: The artillery service was reconstituted to improve its effectiveness, and a school of cadets was established to enhance military training.1
• Fortifications: Significant efforts were made to fortify strongholds along the French frontiers, providing a more robust defense against external threats.12

These military improvements were supported by the broader financial stabilization of the state, which allowed the monarchy to maintain these forces effectively after the devastation of the religious wars.31