How did Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s calculus of reason anticipate computer logic?

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s "calculus of reason" (calculus ratiocinator) anticipated modern computer logic by proposing that reasoning could be performed mechanically or algorithmically, much like arithmetic calculations.12

Leibniz envisioned a system where concepts were represented by symbols and manipulated according to established rules. By transforming logical deduction into a series of algebraic equations, he aimed to eliminate human error and ingenuity failures, suggesting that such derivations could be checked or even performed by machines. This theoretical framework, notably explored in his work De Arte Combinatoria, posited that all reasoning and discovery could be reduced to an ordered combination of elements.123

Furthermore, Leibniz was a strong advocate for the binary number system, which is foundational to modern computing. He recognized that binary digits—representing "on" and "off" states—were ideal for mechanical representation. While his own calculating machine, the Step Reckoner, used decimal dials, his vision of a mechanical, rule-based logic laid the conceptual groundwork for the development of modern computers and logical languages like PROLOG.412