How did Freudian psychology influence Elia Kazan's directing style?

Elia Kazan’s directing style was deeply rooted in his application of the Method, a technique he grounded in a familiarity with Freudian psychology.1

By utilizing this psychological framework, Kazan sought to elicit performances characterized by behavioral and psychological truth. His approach to directing actors was often subtle, typically involving quiet asides that helped performers tap into deep-seated emotions and motivations. This focus on internal truth allowed actors, such as Marlon Brando and James Dean, to deliver raw, nuanced portrayals that were revolutionary for the era.21

Kazan’s commitment to this psychological depth was further evidenced by his role in founding the Actors Studio, a workshop dedicated to training performers in these immersive, emotionally honest techniques. Through this lens, Kazan was able to guide his actors to explore complex character arcs, sometimes even mirroring his own personal experiences and relationships in the process.31