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How did Frederick II’s concessions increase the power of German princes?

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Frederick II increased the power of German princes by granting them significant concessions that effectively curtailed direct royal authority within their territories.1

To secure support for his political objectives, including the election of his son Henry as his successor, Frederick issued two major charters: the Confoederatio cum Principibus Ecclesiasticis in 1220 for ecclesiastical princes, and the Statutum in Favorem Principum in 1232 for all territorial lords. Through these agreements, Frederick renounced key regalian rights, including the authority to:12

Build castles12
Issue coinage1
Impose tolls on merchandise1
Limit the development of imperial towns within episcopal territories2

These concessions provided the princes with written guarantees against interference from royal officials. Consequently, princes gained the liberty to establish their own mints, multiply toll stations, exploit mineral deposits, and settle judicial cases within their domains, with the exception of appeals to the emperor’s court. This shift in power fostered the growth of territorialism, leaving the princes largely free to govern their lands and compete with one another, which significantly weakened the central authority of the monarchy.21