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How did Frederick II increase state control over trade and manufacturing in Sicily?
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Frederick II
Frederick II, bust, c. 13th century; in the collection of the Museo Provinciale Campano, Capua, Italy.
To consolidate his rule in Sicily, Frederick II implemented several strategic measures to centralize economic authority. Beyond expanding the kingdom's harbors and establishing a dedicated navy and merchant fleet, he instituted specific policies to bring trade under direct state control. Furthermore, he mandated that the manufacture of certain products be established as a state monopoly, effectively tightening his administration's grip on the region's commercial and industrial output.1