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How did Frederick II become king of Germany in 1212?

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Frederick II became king of Germany in 1212 primarily due to the political collapse of his rival, Otto IV. After Otto IV invaded the mainland of Frederick's Kingdom of Sicily and disregarded his excommunication by the pope, a number of German princes deposed him in September 1211 and elected Frederick as king.12

Following this election, Frederick traveled to Germany in 1212. He experienced rapid success in the southern regions, where he met almost no opposition. Consequently, he was elected king of Germany again by a large majority of princes at Frankfurt in December 1212 and was crowned shortly thereafter. This transition was solidified by his alliance with France, which helped undermine Otto IV’s remaining support.12