How did Frederick I die during the Third Crusade?

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Medieval manuscript miniature showing Frederick I as a crowned crusader holding an orb and scepter, with Henry of Schaftlarn kneeling and presenting a book to him. — Frederick I Frederick I as a Crusader with (right) Henry of Schäftlarn dedicating to him a copy of the *History of the First Crusade* by Robert of St. Remy; miniature from a manuscript in the Vatican Library.

During the Third Crusade, Frederick I (Frederick Barbarossa) died on June 10, 1190, after drowning while attempting to cross the Göksu River near Silifke, Turkey.1

He had been leading a massive Crusader army through the region when the incident occurred while he was riding ahead with his bodyguard. His sudden death significantly impacted the campaign, as it devastated the morale of his troops and caused many to return home, ultimately resulting in a minimal German contribution to the crusade.1