How did Fascist officials participate in the persecution and deportation of Jews during the German occupation of Italy?

During the German occupation of Italy, the puppet regime of the Italian Social Republic, led by Benito Mussolini, actively collaborated with Nazi forces in the persecution and deportation of Jews.1

Fascist officials participated in these atrocities by assisting the German occupiers in rounding up Jewish citizens and political opponents. These individuals were subsequently sent to prisons or detention camps within Italy before being deported to concentration and extermination camps in Germany and Poland. This collaboration was part of a broader environment of terror, where official and unofficial armed Fascist bands roamed cities to arrest those targeted by the regime and its occupiers.1

The persecution of Jews in Italy had been preceded by the 1938 antisemitic laws, which excluded Jews from public life and required them to register with authorities. Under the German occupation, these earlier registration efforts and the administrative machinery of the state were leveraged to facilitate the systematic deportation of nearly 9,000 Jews, of whom only a small fraction survived.231