How did Edmond Halley’s work show the importance of applying science to navigation?

Edmond Halley demonstrated the importance of applying science to navigation by conducting some of the first sea voyages specifically for scientific purposes. In 1698–1700, he commanded the Paramore Pink to measure compass declination and determine accurate latitudes and longitudes in the South Atlantic.1

His work resulted in the 1701 publication of the first magnetic charts of the Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Pacific Ocean. These charts used curved lines to indicate positions with the same compass declination, intended to assist sailors in navigating and potentially solving the challenge of determining longitude at sea.1

Additionally, as Astronomer Royal, Halley made precise observations, such as timing the Moon’s transit across the meridian, with the explicit goal of developing methods to aid maritime navigation. His efforts reflected the philosophy that science should serve the practical needs of humanity.1