How did Daniel Burnham use parks and diagonal roads in his plans for Manila and Baguio?

In his planning for Manila and Baguio, Daniel Burnham employed core elements of the City Beautiful movement to foster order and efficiency.1

To achieve these goals, he utilized the following strategies:

• System of Parks: Burnham integrated comprehensive park systems into both cities to enhance the urban environment and provide public open space.1
• Diagonal Roadways: He designed networks of diagonal roads specifically to improve traffic efficiency, drawing on his interest in grand, ordered urban layouts.1
• Civic Centres: In both locations, he planned for a civic centre complex, which served as the formally arranged heart of the community.1

These features were part of a broader "Beautification Plan" commissioned by the U.S. federal government after the Spanish-American War. While he advocated for these modern planning components, he also recommended the preservation of Manila’s historic walled Spanish city, demonstrating a balanced approach to urban development.1