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How did Austrian troops respond to the uprisings in Naples and Piedmont in 1821?
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Klemens von Metternich
Klemens von Metternich, black and white chalk drawing by Anton Graff, c. 1803–05; in the Dresden State Art Collections, Dresden, Germany.
In 1821, the Austrian military acted as the primary force for suppressing revolutionary movements in Italy, consistent with the antiliberal policies championed by Klemens von Metternich.12
- Naples: Following the Congress of Laibach, where the Holy Alliance authorized intervention to restore the absolutist monarchy, the Austrian army marched into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. They occupied Naples on March 23, 1821, effectively ending the constitutional government established by the Carbonari and their supporters.13
- Piedmont: When a revolt broke out in Piedmont in March 1821, the new king, Charles Felix, sought assistance to reclaim his authority. Austrian troops intervened to support loyalist forces, successfully putting down the uprising at the Battle of Novara on April 8, 1821.13
These actions were part of a broader effort by the conservative powers to maintain the European status quo and suppress the rising tide of nationalism and liberalism that threatened the established order.2