How did Austria suppress the rebellions in Parma, Modena, and the Papal States in 1831?

In 1831, the rebellions in Parma, Modena, and the Papal States were suppressed through the direct military intervention of the Austrian army.12

Following the July Revolution of 1830 in Paris, revolutionary movements emerged in Modena and spread to the Romagna and other parts of the Papal States. The provisional governments established in these insurgent cities failed to organize a unified military defense and did not receive the anticipated support from the French army. Taking advantage of this vulnerability, Austrian forces intervened in March 1831 to restore the status quo ante (the state of affairs existing previously) across the affected regions.2

This action was consistent with the broader policy of Klemens von Metternich, who served as the primary architect of the conservative order in Europe and was committed to preserving the political status quo against the rising tides of liberalism and nationalism.1