How did Arthur Schopenhauer spend his years of retirement in Frankfurt?
Arthur Schopenhauer spent the final 28 years of his life in Frankfurt, having renounced his career as a university professor to live as a recluse. During this period, he remained almost entirely in the city, leaving only for brief interludes, and dedicated himself fully to his studiesâparticularly in the natural sciencesâand his writing.1
His daily life was characterized by a measured uniformity and a strict, ascetic lifestyle modeled after Immanuel Kant. Observers noted his old-fashioned attire and a tendency toward gesticulative soliloquy.1
Despite his reclusive nature, his time was highly productive:
* Scholarly Output: He published On the Will in Nature in 1836 and later compiled his significant two-volume work, Parerga und Paralipomena (1851), which included essays on diverse topics such as education, style, and parapsychology.
* Revisions: He continued to refine his earlier works, including multiple editions of his main treatise, The World as Will and Idea, and his Ethics.1
These years in Frankfurt ultimately transitioned Schopenhauer from a period of obscurity to the beginning of worldwide recognition for his philosophical contributions.1