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How did Alban Berg and Anton Webern use the 12-tone method differently from Arnold Schoenberg?

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Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg in a suit, seated at a piano and holding a conductor's baton, appears to be conducting music in a wood-paneled room. — Arnold Schoenberg Austrian-American composer Arnold Schoenberg was one of the most influential teachers of music composition of the 20th century. He also was known for his creation of new methods of musical composition involving atonality, namely serialism and the 12-tone row.

While Arnold Schoenberg invented the 12-tone method to provide a new structural basis for music, his pupils Alban Berg and Anton Webern adapted the system in highly individual ways, and neither used the basic set in the same manner as their teacher.1

Alban Berg: Often called the "classicist of modern music," Berg used the 12-tone approach to blend radical new techniques with traditional musical heritage. His works, such as the opera Lulu and his Violin Concerto, frequently retain links to late 19th-century Romanticism and traditional tonality. He skillfully integrated 12-tone rows within structures that suggest familiar forms, creating works of deep psychological and dramatic impact.2
Anton Webern: Webern adopted the 12-tone system with severe consistency, developing it to its most extreme potential. His style is characterized by ascetic sparseness, extreme conciseness of form, and a pointillistic approach to melody and harmony. Unlike Schoenberg’s broader application, Webern’s rigorous formal discipline and focus on the microcosmic nature of sound made his music a model for later generations of composers interested in serialism.31