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How did Akbar become Mughal emperor at the age of 13?

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Akbar A painting titled *Akbar Hunting* from a folio of *Akbarnama* (“History of Akbar”), late 16th century; in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.

Akbar ascended the throne at age 13 following the sudden death of his father, Humayun, in 1556. At the time of his accession, Akbar was serving as the governor of the Punjab region.12

His path to power was not immediate or secure, as the empire was in a state of instability. Shortly after Humayun’s death, Mughal governors lost control of key territories, including Delhi, to a Hindu minister named Hemu. Akbar’s succession was only ensured after a Mughal force defeated Hemu at the Second Battle of Panipat on November 5, 1556.123

During these early years, Akbar relied heavily on the guidance of his chief minister, Bayram Khan, who helped consolidate and extend his authority. Additionally, Akbar was supported by his foster mothers, including Maham Anaga, who held significant influence during the beginning of his reign. Akbar eventually began to govern as an absolute monarch after forcing Bayram Khan to retire in 1560.1324