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Why did many Latin American artists live abroad during the 20th century?
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Latin American art
Detail from Popular History of Mexico, mosaic mural by Diego Rivera, 1953; on the Teatro des los Insurgentes, Mexico City.
Throughout the 20th century, many Latin American artists lived abroad in cities such as Paris and New York for several key reasons:
- Artistic Stimulus: Many artists sought exposure to new techniques, international art movements, and the broader global discourse on art that was more readily accessible in major cultural capitals.12
- Economic Prospects: Expatriation often provided better economic opportunities and access to international art markets, which were frequently more developed than those in their home countries during much of the century.1
- Political Stability and Safety: Political turmoil, including military dictatorships and civil unrest, forced many artists into exile. In countries like Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay, artists were frequently imprisoned, tortured, or killed for their political views or their work, leading many to flee to Europe or the United States to escape repression.13
By the end of the 20th century, as democracy returned to many Latin American nations and local art scenes—supported by galleries, museums, and critics—became more robust, the region began to retain more of its artists and provide increased economic opportunities at home.12