Why did ancient Greek society consider musical training an important part of education?

In ancient Greek society, musical training was considered a fundamental component of education because of the prevailing doctrine of ethos, which held that music exerts a direct influence on the human soul and character.1

Philosophers like Plato and Aristotle viewed music as a vital tool for moral development and social order. Because they believed specific modes could evoke different emotional states or behaviors, they advocated for the use of ethically approved music to cultivate virtue and moderation in citizens.21

Education in classical Greece was broadly divided into musica (encompassing all cultural and intellectual studies) and gymnastica (physical training). This balanced curriculum was intended to shape well-rounded individuals capable of contributing to the state. While Plato emphasized music’s role in reflecting the moral order of the universe and warned against complex rhythms that might lead to disorder, Aristotle recognized music as a source of pleasure and happiness, essential for both the individual and the state. Consequently, music was not merely an aesthetic pursuit but a core element of the paideia system, designed to mold the character of the youth.1234