Why did Korean artists study oil painting in Japan during the early 20th century?

During the early 20th century, Korean artists studied oil painting in Japan primarily because Japan provided the only modern facilities available for studying Western art forms at the time.1

During the Japanese occupation (1910–1945), the modernization of Korean art was heavily influenced by Japan, which acted as a conduit for Western artistic styles. Because these modern art movements were refracted through Japan, aspiring Korean artists seeking to learn techniques like Impressionism and realistic, three-dimensional depiction had to travel to Tokyo to receive formal training.1

While early pioneers like Ko Hūi-dong faced significant public ridicule for practicing oil painting upon their return, the trend eventually gained momentum. Despite the initial resistance from traditionalists, studying in Japan became the standard path for those wishing to pursue art as a professional career rather than a traditional gentleman's avocation, ultimately establishing Western-style painting as a dominant field in Korea.1