Which writing systems have been used for New Persian in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan?

New Persian, which has been a literary language since the 9th century, is written using two primary scripts across Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan:

• Perso-Arabic Script: In Iran and Afghanistan, New Persian (known locally as Farsi and Dari, respectively) is written using a modified version of the Arabic alphabet. This script has been adapted to represent Persian sounds by adding four letters through the use of diacritical marks. The primary calligraphic style used for this script in modern times is Nastaʿlīq.1234
• Cyrillic Script: In Tajikistan, the Persian language—referred to as Tajik—is written using the Cyrillic alphabet. This adaptation occurred during the Soviet era.1563

While historical forms of Persian, such as Middle Persian, were recorded in various scripts including the Pahlavi alphabet (which was derived from the Aramaic alphabet), the modern literary tradition in these three countries is defined by the use of the Perso-Arabic and Cyrillic writing systems.3782