Which types of events were accompanied by recitatives in Oceanic societies?

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In Oceanic societies, recitatives—formally rigid songs or chants—are utilized to accompany a variety of cultural and social activities. According to oral traditions, these recitatives are used for the following types of events and purposes:

  • Dance performances: Recitatives accompany both standing and seated dances.1
  • Funerary rites: They are used as funeral chants.1
  • Children’s activities: They include songs that accompany children’s games.1
  • Social and personal expression: They encompass songs with erotic significance.1

Additionally, in specific regional contexts, such as among the Maori of New Zealand, heightened speech or recitation is used for functional texts including lullabies (oriori), laments (tangi), incantations (karakia), love songs (waiata aroha), and historical or genealogical recitations (patere). In Polynesia, heightened speech and chant are also employed as vehicles to praise and honor high-ranking chiefs or visitors during public ceremonies.23