Which peoples and regions are included in the study of African music?

The study of African music encompasses the musical sounds and practices of all indigenous peoples of Africa. This includes groups such as the Berber in the Sahara and the San and Khoikhoin in Southern Africa.1

It is important to note that the study of African music, as defined in this context, excludes the music of European settler communities and the music of Arab North Africa, the latter of which is typically addressed under Islamic arts: Music.1

The scope of this field is broad and historically dynamic, shaped by centuries of migration, ecological changes, and cultural exchange. Researchers utilize a diverse array of sources to study these traditions, including archaeological findings, pictorial evidence like rock art, oral histories, and written accounts. While the study covers a vast continent, it recognizes that musical styles are not rigidly linked to specific ethnic groups, but rather evolve through the creativity of individual musicians and the movement of peoples across different regions.2