Which features make a building an example of Baroque architecture?

Baroque architecture, which emerged in late 16th-century Italy and flourished through the 18th century, is defined by its intent to evoke emotional states and appeal to the senses through drama, grandeur, and movement.12

Key features that identify a building as Baroque include:

• Dynamic Spatial Design: Architects favored complex plan shapes, often based on the oval, and the interpenetration of spaces to create a sense of motion and sensuality. Unlike the static, symmetrical spaces of the Renaissance, Baroque space is directional and invites participation.23
• Dramatic Use of Light: Baroque buildings often utilize intense contrasts between light and shadow to heighten drama. Architects frequently employed hidden light sources to create illusory effects, sometimes making structural elements appear to dissolve or float.234
• Rich Ornamentation: Interiors and exteriors are characterized by a dizzying array of surface treatments, including gilded statuary, twisting elements, and vivid, illusionistic ceiling paintings that suggest a view of the infinite.23
• Curvilinear Forms: The style is noted for its use of swelling, curvaceous lines and complex, active surfaces.25
• Integration of Arts: Architecture, painting, and sculpture are often combined into a single, unified decorative ensemble designed to propagate faith or state power.3