Which criteria can be used to compare the development of children’s literature in different countries?

To evaluate the development of children’s literature across different countries, scholars utilize several criteria that reflect artistic, social, and institutional progress. These criteria, ranked by their general importance, include:

• Awareness of the child’s identity: The degree to which a culture recognizes children as distinct individuals rather than merely "future men".12
• Independence from tradition: The progress made beyond a passive reliance on oral tradition, folklore, and legend.12
• Professionalization: The rise of a class of professional writers, as opposed to reliance on moral reformers, teachers, or clerics.1
• Freedom from authoritarian control: The degree of independence from restrictive influences such as the church, state, school systems, or rigid family structures.12
• Literary impact: The number of "classics" produced that transcend national boundaries.1
• Genre diversity: The invention of new forms and the exploitation of traditional ones.1
• Independence from translation: The measure of a nation's reliance on translated works versus indigenous production.1
• Quantity of literature: The annual production of both primary (books) and secondary (scholarship, criticism, and reviews) literature.1
• Institutional development: The presence of supporting infrastructure, such as libraries, publishing houses, and professional associations.13