Which colors and plant designs were common in Persian tilework?

In Persian tilework, which was a primary decorative feature in Iranian art, both color and plant motifs were used to create intricate, gardenlike effects on surfaces such as walls, domes, and floors.1

Common Colors

The color palette in Persian tilework is notably vibrant. Blues of all shades—ranging from turquoise to deep ultramarine—are considered characteristic. In later polychrome tilework, particularly from the 17th century, the palette expanded to include green, browns, and a bright red similar to Armenian bole.12

Plant Designs

Persian tilework frequently incorporates naturalistic and stylized floral designs, often featuring delicately interlacing stems. Common plant motifs include:1
* Flowers: Iris, rose, carnation, and tulip.1
* Trees and Fruits: Pine, date, and pomegranate.1

These designs were often contained within patterned or plain borders. The patterns used in tilework were frequently interchangeable with those found in Persian carpets, and the overall aesthetic was designed to evoke a sense of abundance and fertility.13