Which ancient and modern cultures use globular flutes?

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toad ocarina — vessel flute Toad ocarina, slip-painted ceramic, Nopiloa, southern Veracruz, Mexico, 700–900 ce; in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

Globular flutes, also known as vessel flutes, have been used by various ancient and modern cultures. These instruments are characterized by a closed, spherically shaped body with a blowhole and sometimes finger holes.1

Cultures that have used globular flutes include:

Africa: Many vessel flutes in Africa are crafted from gourds or shells. They are found in regions such as southern Africa, Congo, Mozambique, Uganda, and Guinea.12
China: Pottery versions of vessel flutes have been found in China.1
Latin America: Pottery vessel flutes are also present in Latin America.1

While ocarinas are often considered globular flutes, they typically feature ducts to guide air and usually have more finger holes.1